Object Oriented Programming - OOP in C++

 

In this post you will find complete information about Object Oriented Programming. Here you will find complete information about the Classes, Objects and the Access Specifier.

Object Oriented Programming:

Object-oriented programming is a method of editing where programs are written on the basis of objects. It is a powerful way to make software. It is used to analyze and design applications based on materials. It deals with data and processes that process data as a single entity.

 

Object-Oriented Programming Features:

 

Some features of the targeted program are as follows:

 

1. Object

Object-oriented programs provide space for object-oriented programming. An object is a business that contains data and functions.

 

2. Classes

 

Classes are building projects. Object-oriented programs provide space for classroom building. All properties and functions of the object are specified in sections.

 

3. Imitation of the real world

 

Object-oriented programs are based on real-world models. Businesses in the real world have a variety of structures and capabilities. Similarly, objects have data and functions. The data represents the structures and functions that represent the operation of objects.

 

4. Reusable

 

Object-oriented programs allow the developer to reuse data and code. Uses an asset process to use existing category code to create a new category.

 

 

5. Encryption Information

 

Object-oriented programs allow the developer to hide important data from the user. It is done by encapsulation.

 

6. Polymorphism

 

Polymorphism is the ability to behave in many ways.

 

Objects:

 

An object represents a business in the real world as a person, object or idea etc. It is named after him. Item contains the following:

Features: These are the features of the item.

Tasks: These are things that can be done by something.

 

Examples

 

Some examples of different types of objects are as follows:

 

Physical Factors

•  Vehicles such as car, bus, truck etc.
•  Electrical elements.

 

Computer Items - User Environment

• Windows
•  Menus
• Graphics Items
• Mouse and keyboard

 

User-defined Data Types

• Time
• Angles

 

Object Features:

 

The properties of an object are known as its properties. Each item has its own structures. These structures can be used to describe an object. For example, the properties of an object can be as follows:

 

• Name
• Age
• Weight

 

The features of a car item can be as follows:

 

• Color
• Price
• Model
• Engine power

 

 The set of symbol values ​​for an object is called its shape. It means that the condition of an object can be determined by the value of its properties. The following figure shows the values ​​of the object properties.

 

Object Functions:

 

Active actions are known as actions or methods. An object can perform different functions and actions. For example, a Car object can perform the following functions:

• Get started
• Stop
• Hurry up
• Go back

A set of all the functions of an object represents the function of an object. It means that the function of an object can be determined by the list of functions of that object.

 

Classes:

 

 A collection of objects with similar structures and functions is known as a category. A category is used to describe an object. It is used as a model for building different objects of the same type. For example, a category person can be used to describe the characteristics and functions of a person. The Human category can be used to create various objects such as Ali, Usman, Abdullah etc.

 

All items of the Human category will have the same features and functions. However, the prices for each item may vary. Values ​​are given when an object is created. Each item of a category is known as an example of its category. For example, Ali, Usman and Abdullah are three examples of the category of Man. Similarly, My Book and Your Book can be two scenarios for a Class Book.

 

Declaring a Class:

 

 The keyword category is used to announce the category. The section declaration specifies the variables and common functions in all items of the section. The variables announced in class are called variants of members or members of the data. Activities announced in the classroom are known as member activities.

 

 Syntax:

The class declaration syntax is as follows:

 class identifier

{

     body

};

Category: It is the key word used to advertise a category.

Identifier: It is a category name. The rules for the class name are the same as the rules for the declaration declaration.

Body: The area enclosed by the earplugs and earrings) is called a section body. All data members and member functions are declared within the body. The section announcement always ends with a small column.

 

For example

 

The following example announces a three-member Class test for data.

 

Class test

{

     int n;

     char c;

     float x;

};

 

Access Specifier:

 

 The instructions used to determine the level of access for class members are known as access specifier.

The most important private and public access specifications. Colon used after access specification when using category.

 

1. The 'Private' access specifier:

 

A private access identifier is used to limit the use of a class member within the classroom. Any category member announced with a private access specification can only be found within the category. Cannot be reached outside the category. It is also the default access adjective. Data members are usually notified by private access specifications. This is because object data is very sensitive. The private access identifier is used to protect the data member from direct access from outside the category. These data members can only be used by activities announced within the classroom.

 

 For example

 

The following example declares a three-part class trial of data as confidential:

Class test

{

       Private:

        int n;

        char c;

        float x;

};

2.       The ' public ' Access Specifier:

 

 The public access specification is used to allow the user to access a category member within and outside the class. Any category member advertised for public access specifier can be accessed from anywhere in the program. Member activities are advertised by definition of public access. This is because users have access to object functions from outside the category. The section cannot be used directly if both data members and member functions are declared confidential.

For example

 

The following example introduces a three-day Test class as a secret and two-member activities as a community.

 class Test

{

     Private:

     int n;

     char c;

    float x;

    public:

    void show();

    void input();

};